Reflecting a Graph Horizontally and Vertically

Reflecting the graph vertically means that each output value will be reflected over the horizontal t-axis as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13 Vertical reflection of the square root function

Because each output value is the opposite of the original output value, we can write

Notice that this is an outside change, or vertical shift, that affects the output $s(t)$ values, so the negative sign belongs outside of the function.

Reflecting horizontally means that each input value will be reflected over the vertical axis as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14 Horizontal reflection of the square root function

Because each input value is the opposite of the original input value, we can write

Notice that this is an inside change or horizontal change that affects the input values, so the negative sign is on the inside of the function.

Note that these transformations can affect the domain and range of the functions. While the original square root function has domain $[0,\infty )$ and range $[0,\infty ),$ the vertical reflection gives the $V(t)$ function the range $\left(-\infty ,0\right]$ and the horizontal reflection gives the $H(t)$ function the domain $\left(-\infty ,0\right].$