Sumário
- Preface
1Science and the Universe: A Brief Tour
2Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy
7Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
13Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
14Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
18The Stars: A Celestial Census
20Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
21The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
27Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
- AHow to Study for an Introductory Astronomy Class
- BAstronomy Websites, Images, and Apps
- CScientific Notation
- DUnits Used in Science
- ESome Useful Constants for Astronomy
- FPhysical and Orbital Data for the Planets
- GSelected Moons of the Planets
- HFuture Total Eclipses
- IThe Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs
- JThe Brightest Twenty Stars
- KThe Chemical Elements
- LThe Constellations
- MStar Chart and Sky Event Resources
- Index
E
Some Useful Constants for Astronomy
Appendix
E
Some Useful Constants for Astronomy
Physical Constants
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
| speed of light (c) | 2.9979 × 108 m/s |
| gravitational constant (G) | 6.674 × 10−11 m3/(kg s2) |
| Planck’s constant (h) | 6.626 × 10−34 J-s |
| mass of a hydrogen atom (MH) | 1.673 × 10−27 kg |
| mass of an electron (Me) | 9.109 × 10−31 kg |
| Rydberg constant () | 1.0974 × 107 m−1 |
| Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ) | 5.670 × 10−8 J/(s·m2 deg4)1 1 deg stands for degrees Celsius or kelvins |
| Wien’s law constant (λmaxT) | 2.898 × 10−3 m K |
| electron volt (energy) (eV) | 1.602 × 10−19 J |
| energy equivalent of 1 ton TNT | 4.2 × 109 J |
Table
E1
Astronomical Constants
| Name | Value |
|---|---|
| astronomical unit (AU) | 1.496 × 1011 m |
| Light-year (ly) | 9.461 × 1015 m |
| parsec (pc) | 3.086 × 1016 m = 3.262 light-years |
| sidereal year (y) | 3.156 × 107 s |
| mass of Earth (MEarth) | 5.974 × 1024 kg |
| equatorial radius of Earth (REarth) | 6.378 × 106 m |
| obliquity of ecliptic | 23° 26’ |
| surface gravity of Earth (g) | 9.807 m/s2 |
| escape velocity of Earth (vEarth) | 1.119 × 104 m/s |
| mass of Sun (MSun) | 1.989 × 1030 kg |
| equatorial radius of Sun (RSun) | 6.960 × 108 m |
| luminosity of Sun (LSun) | 3.85 × 1026 W |
| solar constant (flux of energy received at Earth) (S) | 1.368 × 103 W/m2 |
| Hubble constant (H0) | approximately 20 km/s per million light-years, or approximately 70 km/s per megaparsec |
Table
E2