Contents
- Preface
1Sampling and Data
- Introduction
- 1.1Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms
- 1.2Data, Sampling, and Variation in Data and Sampling
- 1.3Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement
- 1.4Experimental Design and Ethics
- 1.5Data Collection Experiment
- 1.6Sampling Experiment
- Key Terms
- Chapter Review
- Practice
- Homework
- Bringing It Together: Homework
- References
- Solutions
10Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples
- AAppendix A Review Exercises (Ch 3–13)
- BAppendix B Practice Tests (1–4) and Final Exams
- CData Sets
- DGroup and Partner Projects
- ESolution Sheets
- FMathematical Phrases, Symbols, and Formulas
- GNotes for the TI-83, 83+, 84, 84+ Calculators
- HTables
- Index
Key Terms
- degrees of freedom (df)
- the number of objects in a sample that are free to vary
- pooled proportion
- estimate of the common value of p1 and p2
- standard deviation
- a number that is equal to the square root of the variance and measures how far data values are from their mean; notation: s for sample standard deviation and σ for population standard deviation
- variable (random variable)
- a characteristic of interest in a population being studied.
Common notation for variables are uppercase Latin letters X, Y, Z,... Common notation for a specific value from the domain (set of all possible values of a variable) are lowercase Latin letters x, y, z,.... For example, if X is the number of children in a family, then x represents a specific integer 0, 1, 2, 3, .... Variables in statistics differ from variables in intermediate algebra in two ways:- The domain of the random variable (RV) is not necessarily a numerical set; the domain may be expressed in words; for example, if X = hair color, then the domain is {black, blond, gray, green, orange}.
- We can tell what specific value x of the random variable X takes only after performing the experiment.