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College Physics
First-year college, algebra and trig
Goes further than the course in every topic, then on to optics, relativity, quantum and nuclear physics. Pick it up when you want more problems to solve.
Contents
- Preface
1Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
2Kinematics
- Introduction to One-Dimensional Kinematics
- 2.1Displacement
- 2.2Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
- 2.3Time, Velocity, and Speed
- 2.4Acceleration
- 2.5Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
- 2.6Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
- 2.7Falling Objects
- 2.8Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
3Two-Dimensional Kinematics
- Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics
- 3.1Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction
- 3.2Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
- 3.3Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
- 3.4Projectile Motion
- 3.5Addition of Velocities
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
4Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
- Introduction to Dynamics: Newton’s Laws of Motion
- 4.1Development of Force Concept
- 4.2Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
- 4.3Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
- 4.4Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces
- 4.5Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Forces
- 4.6Problem-Solving Strategies
- 4.7Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
- 4.8Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
5Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
6Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
- Introduction to Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
- 6.1Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
- 6.2Centripetal Acceleration
- 6.3Centripetal Force
- 6.4Fictitious Forces and Non-inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
- 6.5Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
- 6.6Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
7Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
- Introduction to Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
- 7.1Work: The Scientific Definition
- 7.2Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
- 7.3Gravitational Potential Energy
- 7.4Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
- 7.5Nonconservative Forces
- 7.6Conservation of Energy
- 7.7Power
- 7.8Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
- 7.9World Energy Use
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
8Linear Momentum and Collisions
- Introduction to Linear Momentum and Collisions
- 8.1Linear Momentum and Force
- 8.2Impulse
- 8.3Conservation of Momentum
- 8.4Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
- 8.5Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
- 8.6Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
- 8.7Introduction to Rocket Propulsion
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
9Statics and Torque
- Introduction to Statics and Torque
- 9.1The First Condition for Equilibrium
- 9.2The Second Condition for Equilibrium
- 9.3Stability
- 9.4Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
- 9.5Simple Machines
- 9.6Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
10Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
- Introduction to Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
- 10.1Angular Acceleration
- 10.2Kinematics of Rotational Motion
- 10.3Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
- 10.4Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
- 10.5Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
- 10.6Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
- 10.7Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
11Fluid Statics
- Introduction to Fluid Statics
- 11.1What Is a Fluid?
- 11.2Density
- 11.3Pressure
- 11.4Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid
- 11.5Pascal’s Principle
- 11.6Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
- 11.7Archimedes’ Principle
- 11.8Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
- 11.9Pressures in the Body
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
12Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
- Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
- 12.1Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
- 12.2Bernoulli’s Equation
- 12.3The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
- 12.4Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille’s Law
- 12.5The Onset of Turbulence
- 12.6Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
- 12.7Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
13Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
- Introduction to Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
- 13.1Temperature
- 13.2Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
- 13.3The Ideal Gas Law
- 13.4Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
- 13.5Phase Changes
- 13.6Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
15Thermodynamics
- Introduction to Thermodynamics
- 15.1The First Law of Thermodynamics
- 15.2The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
- 15.3Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
- 15.4Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
- 15.5Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
- 15.6Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
- 15.7Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
16Oscillatory Motion and Waves
- Introduction to Oscillatory Motion and Waves
- 16.1Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
- 16.2Period and Frequency in Oscillations
- 16.3Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
- 16.4The Simple Pendulum
- 16.5Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
- 16.6Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
- 16.7Damped Harmonic Motion
- 16.8Forced Oscillations and Resonance
- 16.9Waves
- 16.10Superposition and Interference
- 16.11Energy in Waves: Intensity
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
17Physics of Hearing
- Introduction to the Physics of Hearing
- 17.1Sound
- 17.2Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
- 17.3Sound Intensity and Sound Level
- 17.4Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
- 17.5Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
- 17.6Hearing
- 17.7Ultrasound
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
18Electric Charge and Electric Field
- Introduction to Electric Charge and Electric Field
- 18.1Static Electricity and Charge: Conservation of Charge
- 18.2Conductors and Insulators
- 18.3Coulomb’s Law
- 18.4Electric Field: Concept of a Field Revisited
- 18.5Electric Field Lines: Multiple Charges
- 18.6Electric Forces in Biology
- 18.7Conductors and Electric Fields in Static Equilibrium
- 18.8Applications of Electrostatics
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
19Electric Potential and Electric Field
- Introduction to Electric Potential and Electric Energy
- 19.1Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference
- 19.2Electric Potential in a Uniform Electric Field
- 19.3Electrical Potential Due to a Point Charge
- 19.4Equipotential Lines
- 19.5Capacitors and Dielectrics
- 19.6Capacitors in Series and Parallel
- 19.7Energy Stored in Capacitors
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
20Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
- Introduction to Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
- 20.1Current
- 20.2Ohm’s Law: Resistance and Simple Circuits
- 20.3Resistance and Resistivity
- 20.4Electric Power and Energy
- 20.5Alternating Current versus Direct Current
- 20.6Electric Hazards and the Human Body
- 20.7Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
21Circuits and DC Instruments
- Introduction to Circuits and DC Instruments
- 21.1Resistors in Series and Parallel
- 21.2Electromotive Force: Terminal Voltage
- 21.3Kirchhoff’s Rules
- 21.4DC Voltmeters and Ammeters
- 21.5Null Measurements
- 21.6DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
22Magnetism
- Introduction to Magnetism
- 22.1Magnets
- 22.2Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
- 22.3Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Field Lines
- 22.4Magnetic Field Strength: Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field
- 22.5Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field: Examples and Applications
- 22.6The Hall Effect
- 22.7Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
- 22.8Torque on a Current Loop: Motors and Meters
- 22.9Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents: Ampere’s Law
- 22.10Magnetic Force between Two Parallel Conductors
- 22.11More Applications of Magnetism
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
23Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
- Introduction to Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits and Electrical Technologies
- 23.1Induced Emf and Magnetic Flux
- 23.2Faraday’s Law of Induction: Lenz’s Law
- 23.3Motional Emf
- 23.4Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping
- 23.5Electric Generators
- 23.6Back Emf
- 23.7Transformers
- 23.8Electrical Safety: Systems and Devices
- 23.9Inductance
- 23.10RL Circuits
- 23.11Reactance, Inductive and Capacitive
- 23.12RLC Series AC Circuits
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
25Geometric Optics
27Wave Optics
- Introduction to Wave Optics
- 27.1The Wave Aspect of Light: Interference
- 27.2Huygens's Principle: Diffraction
- 27.3Young’s Double Slit Experiment
- 27.4Multiple Slit Diffraction
- 27.5Single Slit Diffraction
- 27.6Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
- 27.7Thin Film Interference
- 27.8Polarization
- 27.9*Extended Topic* Microscopy Enhanced by the Wave Characteristics of Light
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
29Quantum Physics
- Introduction to Quantum Physics
- 29.1Quantization of Energy
- 29.2The Photoelectric Effect
- 29.3Photon Energies and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- 29.4Photon Momentum
- 29.5The Particle-Wave Duality
- 29.6The Wave Nature of Matter
- 29.7Probability: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- 29.8The Particle-Wave Duality Reviewed
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
30Atomic Physics
- Introduction to Atomic Physics
- 30.1Discovery of the Atom
- 30.2Discovery of the Parts of the Atom: Electrons and Nuclei
- 30.3Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
- 30.4X Rays: Atomic Origins and Applications
- 30.5Applications of Atomic Excitations and De-Excitations
- 30.6The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
- 30.7Patterns in Spectra Reveal More Quantization
- 30.8Quantum Numbers and Rules
- 30.9The Pauli Exclusion Principle
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
31Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
- Introduction to Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
- 31.1Nuclear Radioactivity
- 31.2Radiation Detection and Detectors
- 31.3Substructure of the Nucleus
- 31.4Nuclear Decay and Conservation Laws
- 31.5Half-Life and Activity
- 31.6Binding Energy
- 31.7Tunneling
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
32Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics
33Particle Physics
- Introduction to Particle Physics
- 33.1The Yukawa Particle and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle Revisited
- 33.2The Four Basic Forces
- 33.3Accelerators Create Matter from Energy
- 33.4Particles, Patterns, and Conservation Laws
- 33.5Quarks: Is That All There Is?
- 33.6GUTs: The Unification of Forces
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
34Frontiers of Physics
- Introduction to Frontiers of Physics
- 34.1Cosmology and Particle Physics
- 34.2General Relativity and Quantum Gravity
- 34.3Superstrings
- 34.4Dark Matter and Closure
- 34.5Complexity and Chaos
- 34.6High-temperature Superconductors
- 34.7Some Questions We Know to Ask
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- AAtomic Masses
- BSelected Radioactive Isotopes
- CUseful Information
- DGlossary of Key Symbols and Notation
- Index