Pular para o conteúdo Sumário
- Preface
1Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
2Kinematics
3Two-Dimensional Kinematics
4Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
5Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
6Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
7Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
8Linear Momentum and Collisions
9Statics and Torque
10Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
11Fluid Statics
12Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
13Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
14Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
15Thermodynamics
16Oscillatory Motion and Waves
17Physics of Hearing
18Electric Charge and Electric Field
19Electric Potential and Electric Field
20Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
21Circuits and DC Instruments
22Magnetism
23Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
24Electromagnetic Waves
25Geometric Optics
26Vision and Optical Instruments
27Wave Optics
28Special Relativity
29Quantum Physics
30Atomic Physics
31Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
32Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics
33Particle Physics
34Frontiers of Physics
- AAtomic Masses
- BSelected Radioactive Isotopes
- CUseful Information
- DGlossary of Key Symbols and Notation
- Index
- atomic spectra
- the electromagnetic emission from atoms and molecules
- binding energy
- also called the work function; the amount of energy necessary to eject an electron from a material
- blackbody
- an ideal radiator, which can radiate equally well at all wavelengths
- blackbody radiation
- the electromagnetic radiation from a blackbody
- bremsstrahlung
- German for braking radiation; produced when electrons are decelerated
- characteristic x rays
- x rays whose energy depends on the material they were produced in
- Compton effect
- the phenomenon whereby x rays scattered from materials have decreased energy
- correspondence principle
- in the classical limit (large, slow-moving objects), quantum mechanics becomes the same as classical physics
- de Broglie wavelength
- the wavelength possessed by a particle of matter, calculated by
- gamma ray
- also -ray; highest-energy photon in the EM spectrum
- Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
- a fundamental limit to the precision with which pairs of quantities (momentum and position, and energy and time) can be measured
- infrared radiation
- photons with energies slightly less than red light
- ionizing radiation
- radiation that ionizes materials that absorb it
- microwaves
- photons with wavelengths on the order of a micron ()
- particle-wave duality
- the property of behaving like either a particle or a wave; the term for the phenomenon that all particles have wave characteristics
- photoelectric effect
- the phenomenon whereby some materials eject electrons when light is shined on them
- photon
- a quantum, or particle, of electromagnetic radiation
- photon energy
- the amount of energy a photon has;
- photon momentum
- the amount of momentum a photon has, calculated by
- Planck’s constant
- probability distribution
- the overall spatial distribution of probabilities to find a particle at a given location
- quantized
- the fact that certain physical entities exist only with particular discrete values and not every conceivable value
- quantum mechanics
- the branch of physics that deals with small objects and with the quantization of various entities, especially energy
- ultraviolet radiation
- UV; ionizing photons slightly more energetic than violet light
- uncertainty in energy
- lack of precision or lack of knowledge of precise results in measurements of energy
- uncertainty in momentum
- lack of precision or lack of knowledge of precise results in measurements of momentum
- uncertainty in position
- lack of precision or lack of knowledge of precise results in measurements of position
- uncertainty in time
- lack of precision or lack of knowledge of precise results in measurements of time
- visible light
- the range of photon energies the human eye can detect
- x ray
- EM photon between -ray and UV in energy
2.6
2.6
Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
Glossary
Glossary
4.6
4.6
Problem-Solving Strategies
Problem-Solving Strategies
Problems & Exercises
Problems & Exercises
6.6
6.6
Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
7.6
7.6
Conservation of Energy
Conservation of Energy
8.6
8.6
Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
9.6
9.6
Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
10.6
10.6
Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
12.6
12.6
Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
13.6
13.6
Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
Convection
Convection
16.6
16.6
Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
17.6
17.6
Hearing
Hearing
18.6
18.6
Electric Forces in Biology
Electric Forces in Biology
19.6
19.6
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
20.6
20.6
Electric Hazards and the Human Body
Electric Hazards and the Human Body
21.6
21.6
DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
22.6
22.6
The Hall Effect
The Hall Effect
23.6
23.6
Back Emf
Back Emf
Section Summary
Section Summary
Image Formation by Lenses
Image Formation by Lenses
27.6
27.6
Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
Relativistic Energy
Relativistic Energy
29.6
29.6
The Wave Nature of Matter
The Wave Nature of Matter
30.6
30.6
The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
31.6
31.6
Binding Energy
Binding Energy
32.6
32.6
Fission
Fission
33.6
33.6
GUTs: The Unification of Forces
GUTs: The Unification of Forces
34.6
34.6
High-temperature Superconductors
High-temperature Superconductors