Sumário

Useful Information

Appendix C Useful Information

This appendix is broken into several tables.

Table C1, Important Constants
Table C2, Submicroscopic Masses
Table C3, Solar System Data
Table C4, Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols
Table C5, The Greek Alphabet
Table C6, SI units
Table C7, Selected British Units
Table C8, Other Units
Table C9, Useful Formulae

Symbol	Meaning	Best Value	Approximate Value
$c c size 12{c} {}$	Speed of light in vacuum	$2 . 99792458 \times 10^{8} 2.99792458 size 12{2 "." "99792458" times "10" rSup { size 8{8} } ` {m} slash {s} } {}$	$3 . 00 \times 10^{8} 3.00 size 12{3 "." "00" times "10" rSup { size 8{8} } ` {m} slash {s} } {}$
$G G size 12{G} {}$	Gravitational constant	$6.67408 (31) \times 10^{- 11} / {kg}^{2} 6.67408 (31) / {kg}^{2} size 12{6 "." "67384" $ "80" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "11"} } ` {N cdot m rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {"kg" rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$	$6 . 67 \times 10^{- 11} / {kg}^{2} 6.67 / {kg}^{2} size 12{6 "." "67" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "11"} } ` {N cdot m rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {"kg" rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$
$N_{A} N_{A} size 12{N rSub { size 8{A} } } {}$	Avogadro’s number	$6.02214076 \times 10^{23} 6.02214076 size 12{6 "." "02214129" $ "27" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{"23"} } } {}$	$6 . 02 \times 10^{23} 6.02 size 12{6 "." "02" times "10" rSup { size 8{"23"} } } {}$
$k k size 12{k} {}$	Boltzmann’s constant	$1.380649 \times 10^{- 23} 1.380649 size 12{1 "." "3806488" $ "13" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "23"} } ` {J} slash {K} } {}$	$1 . 38 \times 10^{- 23} 1.38 size 12{1 "." "38" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "23"} } ` {J} slash {K} } {}$
$R R size 12{R} {}$	Gas constant	$8.3144621 (75) 8.3144621 (75) size 12{8 "." "3144621" $ "75" $ ` {J} slash {"mol" cdot K} } {}$	$\begin{matrix} 8.31 J/mol \cdot K = 1.99 cal/mol \cdot K \\ = 0.0821 atm \cdot L/mol \cdot K \end{matrix} \begin{matrix} 8.31 \\ = 0.0821 \end{matrix} size 12{8 "." "31"` {J} slash {"mol" cdot K=1 "." "99"` {"cal"} slash {"mol" cdot K=0 "." "0821"` {"atm" cdot L} slash {"mol" cdot K} } } } {}$
$σ σ size 12{σ} {}$	Stefan-Boltzmann constant	$5.670373 (21) \times 10^{- 8} 5.670373 (21) size 12{5 "." "670373" $ "21" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 8} } ` {W} slash {m rSup { size 8{2} } cdot K} } {}$	$5 . 67 \times 10^{- 8} 5.67 size 12{5 "." "67" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 8} } ` {W} slash {m rSup { size 8{2} } cdot K} } {}$
$k k size 12{k} {}$	Coulomb force constant	$8.987551788 . . . / C^{2} 8.987551788 . . . / C^{2} size 12{8 "." "987551788" "." "." "." `` times "10" rSup { size 8{9} } ` {N cdot m rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {C rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$	$8.99 \times 10^{9} / C^{2} 8.99 / C^{2} size 12{9 times "10" rSup { size 8{9} } ` {N cdot m rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {C rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$
$q_{e} q_{e} size 12{q rSub { size 8{e} } } {}$	Charge on electron	$- 1.602176634 \times 10^{- 19} - 1.602176634 size 12{ - 1 "." "602176565" $ "35" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "19"} } `C} {}$	$- 1 . 60 \times 10^{- 19} - 1 . 60 size 12{ - 1 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "19"} } `C} {}$
$ε_{0} ε_{0} size 12{ε rSub { size 8{0} } } {}$	Permittivity of free space	$8.854187817 . . . 8.854187817 . . . size 12{8 "." "854187817" "." "." "." `` times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "12"} } ` {C rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {N cdot m rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$	$8 . 85 \times 10^{- 12} 8.85 size 12{8 "." "85" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "12"} } ` {C rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {N cdot m rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$
$μ_{0} μ_{0} size 12{μ rSub { size 8{0} } } {}$	Permeability of free space	$4π \times 10^{- 7} / A 4π / A size 12{4π times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 7} } ` {T cdot m} slash {A} } {}$	$1 . 26 \times 10^{- 6} / A 1.26 / A size 12{1 "." "26" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 6} } ` {T cdot m} slash {A} } {}$
$h h size 12{h} {}$	Planck’s constant	$6.62607015 \times 10^{- 34} 6.62607015 size 12{6 "." "62606957" $ "29" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "34"} } `J cdot s} {}$	$6 . 63 \times 10^{- 34} 6.63 size 12{6 "." "63" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "34"} } `J cdot s} {}$

Table C1 Important Constants¹

Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (accessed May 18, 2012). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.

Symbol	Meaning	Best Value	Approximate Value
$m_{e} m_{e} size 12{m rSub { size 8{e} } } {}$	Electron mass	$9.10938291 (40) \times 10^{- 31} kg 9.10938291 (40) \times 10^{- 31} kg size 12{9 "." "10938291" $ "40" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "31"} } `"kg"} {}$	$9 . 11 \times 10^{- 31} kg 9 . 11 \times 10^{- 31} kg size 12{9 "." "11" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "31"} } `"kg"} {}$
$m_{p} m_{p} size 12{m rSub { size 8{p} } } {}$	Proton mass	$1.672621777 (74) \times 10^{- 27} kg 1.672621777 (74) \times 10^{- 27} kg size 12{1 "." "672621777" $ "74" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } `"kg"} {}$	$1 . 6726 \times 10^{- 27} kg 1 . 6726 \times 10^{- 27} kg size 12{1 "." "6726" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } `"kg"} {}$
$m_{n} m_{n} size 12{m rSub { size 8{n} } } {}$	Neutron mass	$1.674927351 (74) \times 10^{- 27} kg 1.674927351 (74) \times 10^{- 27} kg size 12{1 "." "674927351" $ "74" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } `"kg"} {}$	$1 . 6749 \times 10^{- 27} kg 1 . 6749 \times 10^{- 27} kg size 12{1 "." "6749" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } `"kg"} {}$
$u u size 12{u} {}$	Atomic mass unit	$1.660538921 (73) \times 10^{- 27} kg 1.660538921 (73) \times 10^{- 27} kg size 12{1 "." "660538921" $ "73" $ times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } `"kg"} {}$	$1 . 6605 \times 10^{- 27} kg 1 . 6605 \times 10^{- 27} kg size 12{1 "." "6605" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } `"kg"} {}$

Table C2 Submicroscopic Masses²

Sun	mass	$1 . 99 \times 10^{30} kg 1 . 99 \times 10^{30} kg size 12{1 "." "99" times "10" rSup { size 8{"30"} } `"kg"} {}$
	average radius	$6 . 96 \times 10^{8} m 6 . 96 \times 10^{8} m size 12{6 "." "96" times "10" rSup { size 8{8} } `m} {}$
	Earth-sun distance (average)	$1 . 496 \times 10^{11} m 1 . 496 \times 10^{11} m size 12{1 "." "496" times "10" rSup { size 8{"11"} } " m"} {}$
Earth	mass	$5 . 9736 \times 10^{24} kg 5 . 9736 \times 10^{24} kg size 12{5 "." "9736" times "10" rSup { size 8{"24"} } `"kg"} {}$
	average radius	$6 . 376 \times 10^{6} m 6 . 376 \times 10^{6} m size 12{6 "." "376" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } `m} {}$ ${}$
	orbital period	$3 . 16 \times 10^{7} s 3 . 16 \times 10^{7} s size 12{3 "." "16" times "10" rSup { size 8{7} } " s "} {}$
Moon	mass	$7 . 35 \times 10^{22} kg 7 . 35 \times 10^{22} kg size 12{7 "." "35" times "10" rSup { size 8{"22"} } `"kg"} {}$
	average radius	$1 . 74 \times 10^{6} m 1 . 74 \times 10^{6} m size 12{1 "." "74" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } `m} {}$
	orbital period (average)	$2 . 36 \times 10^{6} s 2 . 36 \times 10^{6} s size 12{2 "." "36" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } " s"} {}$
	Earth-moon distance (average)	$3 . 84 \times 10^{8} m 3 . 84 \times 10^{8} m size 12{3 "." "84" times "10" rSup { size 8{8} } " m"} {}$

Table C3 Solar System Data

Prefix	Symbol	Value	Prefix	Symbol	Value
tera	T	$10^{12} 10^{12} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{"12"} } } {}$	deci	d	$10^{- 1} 10^{- 1} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - 1} } } {}$
giga	G	$10^{9} 10^{9} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{9} } } {}$	centi	c	$10^{- 2} 10^{- 2} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } } {}$
mega	M	$10^{6} 10^{6} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{6} } } {}$	milli	m	$10^{- 3} 10^{- 3} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - 3} } } {}$
kilo	k	$10^{3} 10^{3} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}$	micro	$μ μ size 12{μ} {}$	$10^{- 6} 10^{- 6} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - 6} } } {}$
hecto	h	$10^{2} 10^{2} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$	nano	n	$10^{- 9} 10^{- 9} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - 9} } } {}$
deka	da	$10^{1} 10^{1} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{1} } } {}$	pico	p	$10^{- 12} 10^{- 12} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - "12"} } } {}$
—	—	$10^{0} (=1) 10^{0} (=1) size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{0} } $ `=1` $ } {}$	femto	f	$10^{- 15} 10^{- 15} size 12{"10" rSup { size 8{ - "15"} } } {}$

Table C4 Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols

Alpha	$Α Α size 12{Α} {}$	$α α size 12{α} {}$	Eta	$Η Η size 12{Η} {}$	$η η size 12{η} {}$	Nu	$Ν Ν size 12{Ν} {}$	$ν ν size 12{ν} {}$	Tau	$Τ Τ size 12{Τ} {}$	$τ τ size 12{τ} {}$
Beta	$Β Β size 12{Β} {}$	$β β size 12{β} {}$	Theta	$Θ Θ size 12{Θ} {}$	$θ θ size 12{θ} {}$	Xi	$Ξ Ξ size 12{Ξ} {}$	$ξ ξ size 12{ξ} {}$	Upsilon	$Υ Υ size 12{Υ} {}$	$υ υ size 12{υ} {}$
Gamma	$Γ Γ size 12{Γ} {}$	$γ γ size 12{γ} {}$	Iota	$Ι Ι size 12{Ι} {}$	$ι ι size 12{ι} {}$	Omicron	$Ο Ο size 12{Ο} {}$	$ο ο size 12{ο} {}$	Phi	$Φ Φ size 12{Φ} {}$	$ϕ ϕ size 12{ϕ} {}$
Delta	$Δ Δ size 12{Δ} {}$	$δ δ size 12{δ} {}$	Kappa	$Κ Κ size 12{Κ} {}$	$κ κ size 12{κ} {}$	Pi	$Π Π size 12{Π} {}$	$π π size 12{π} {}$	Chi	$Χ Χ size 12{Χ} {}$	$χ χ size 12{χ} {}$
Epsilon	$Ε Ε size 12{Ε} {}$	$ε ε size 12{ε} {}$	Lambda	$Λ Λ size 12{Λ} {}$	$λ λ size 12{λ} {}$	Rho	$Ρ Ρ size 12{Ρ} {}$	$ρ ρ size 12{ρ} {}$	Psi	$Ψ Ψ size 12{Ψ} {}$	$ψ ψ size 12{ψ} {}$
Zeta	$Ζ Ζ size 12{Ζ} {}$	$ζ ζ size 12{ζ} {}$	Mu	$Μ Μ size 12{Μ} {}$	$μ μ size 12{μ} {}$	Sigma	$Σ Σ size 12{Σ} {}$	$σ σ size 12{σ} {}$	Omega	$Ω Ω size 12{ %OMEGA } {}$	$ω ω size 12{ω} {}$

Table C5 The Greek Alphabet

	Entity	Abbreviation	Name
Fundamental units	Length	m	meter
	Mass	kg	kilogram
	Time	s	second
	Current	A	ampere
Supplementary unit	Angle	rad	radian
Derived units	Force	$N = kg \cdot m / s^{2} N = kg \cdot m / s^{2} size 12{N="kg" cdot {m} slash {s rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$	newton
	Energy	$J = kg \cdot m^{2} / s^{2} J = kg \cdot m^{2} / s^{2} size 12{J="kg" cdot {m rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {s rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$	joule
	Power	$W = J / s W = J / s size 12{W= {J} slash {s} } {}$	watt
	Pressure	$Pa = N / m^{2} Pa = N / m^{2} size 12{"Pa"= {N} slash {m rSup { size 8{2} } } } {}$	pascal
	Frequency	$Hz = 1 / s Hz = 1 / s size 12{"Hz"= {1} slash {s} } {}$	hertz
	Electronic potential	$V = J / C V = J / C size 12{V= {J} slash {C} } {}$	volt
	Capacitance	$F = C / V F = C / V size 12{F= {C} slash {V} } {}$	farad
	Charge	$C = s \cdot A C = s \cdot A size 12{C=s cdot A} {}$	coulomb
	Resistance	$Ω = V / A Ω = V / A size 12{ %OMEGA = {V} slash {A} } {}$	ohm
	Magnetic field	$T = N / (A \cdot m) T = N / (A \cdot m) size 12{T= {N} slash { left (A cdot m right )} } {}$	tesla
	Nuclear decay rate	$Bq = 1 / s Bq = 1 / s size 12{"Bq"= {1} slash {s} } {}$	becquerel

Table C6 SI Units

Length	$1 inch (in .) = 2 . 54 cm (exactly) 1 size 12{1" inch " $ "in" "." $ =2 "." "54"" cm " $ "exactly" $ } {}$
	$1 foot (ft) = 0 . 3048 m 1 size 12{1" foot " $ "ft" $ =0 "." "3048"" m"} {}$
	$1 mile (mi) = 1 . 609 km 1 size 12{1" mile " $ "mi" $ =1 "." "609"" km"} {}$
Force	$1 pound (lb) = 4 . 448 N 1 size 12{1" pound " $ "lb" $ =4 "." "448"" N"} {}$
Energy	$1 British thermal unit (Btu) = 1 . 055 \times 10^{3} J 1 size 12{1" British thermal unit " $ "Btu" $ =1 "." "055" times "10" rSup { size 8{3} } " J"} {}$
Power	$1 horsepower (hp) = 746 W 1 size 12{1" horsepower " $ "hp" $ ="746"" W"} {}$
Pressure	$1 lb / {in}^{2} = 6 . 895 \times 10^{3} Pa 1 . 895 \times 10^{3} size 12{1 {"lb"} slash {"in" rSup { size 8{2} } } =6 "." "895" times "10" rSup { size 8{3} } " Pa"} {}$

Table C7 Selected British Units

Length	$1 light year 1 size 12{1`" light"`" year"` $ "ly" $ ` =9 "." "46" times "10" rSup { size 8{"15"} } " m"} {}$
	$1 astronomical unit 1 size 12{1`" astronomical"`" unit"` $ "au" $ ` =1 "." "50" times "10" rSup { size 8{"11"} } " m"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" nautical"`" mile"` =1 "." "852"`" km"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" angstrom"` $ Å $ ` ="10" rSup { size 8{ - "10"} } " m"} {}$
Area	$1 1 size 12{1`" acre"` $ "ac" $ ` =4 "." "05" times "10" rSup { size 8{3} } " m" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`"square"`"foot"` $ "ft" rSup { size 8{2} } $ ` =9 "." "29" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } " m" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" barn"` $ b $ ` ="10" rSup { size 8{ - "28"} } " m" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
Volume	$1 1 size 12{1`" liter"` $ L $ ` ="10" rSup { size 8{ - 3} } " m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}$
Volume	$1 1 size 12{1`" U" "." S "." `" gallon"` $ "gal" $ ` =3 "." "785" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 3} } " m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}$
Mass	$1 1 size 12{1`" solar"`" mass"` =1 "." "99" times "10" rSup { size 8{"30"} } " kg"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" metric"`" ton"` ="10" rSup { size 8{3} } " kg"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" atomic"`" mass"`" unit"`` $ u $ ` =1 "." "6605" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } " kg"} {}$
Time	$1 1 size 12{1`" year"` $ y $ ` =3 "." "16" times "10" rSup { size 8{7} } " s"} {}$
Time	$1 1 size 12{1`" day"` $ d $ ` ="86","400"`" s"} {}$
Speed	$1 1 size 12{1`" mile"`"per"`"hour"` $ "mph" $ `=1 "." "609"` {"km"} slash {h} } {}$
Speed	$1 1 size 12{1`" nautical"`"mile"`"per"`"hour"` $ "naut" $ `=1 "." "852"` {"km"} slash {h} } {}$
Angle	$1 1 size 12{1`" degree"` $ ° $ ` =1 "." "745" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } " rad"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" minute"`"of"`"arc"` { { $ }} sup { ' } $ `= {1} slash {"60"} `" degree"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" second"`"of"`"arc"` { { $ }} sup { '' } $ `= {1} slash {"60"`} " minute of arc"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" grad"` =1 "." "571" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } " rad"} {}$
Energy	$1 1 size 12{1`" kiloton"`" TNT"` $ "kT" $ ` =4 "." 2 times "10" rSup { size 8{"12"} } " J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" kilowatt"`" hour"` $ "kW" cdot h $ ` =3 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } " J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" food"`"calorie"` $ "kcal" $ `="4186"`" J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" calorie"` $ "cal" $ `=4 "." "186"`" J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" electron"`" volt"` $ "eV" $ ` =1 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "19"} } " J"} {}$
Pressure	$1 1 size 12{1`" atmosphere"` $ "atm" $ ` =1 "." "013" times "10" rSup { size 8{5} } " Pa"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" millimeter"`"of"`"mercury"` $ "mm"`"Hg" $ `="133" "." 3`" Pa"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" torricelli"` $ "torr" $ `=1`" mm"``"Hg "="133" "." 3`" Pa"} {}$
Nuclear decay rate	$1 1 size 12{1`" curie"` $ "Ci" $ ` =3 "." "70" times "10" rSup { size 8{"10"} } " Bq"} {}$

Table C8 Other Units

Circumference of a circle with radius $r r size 12{r} {}$ or diameter $d d size 12{d} {}$	$C = 2 πr = πd C = 2 πr = πd size 12{C=2πr=πd} {}$
Area of a circle with radius $r r size 12{r} {}$ or diameter $d d size 12{d} {}$	$A = {πr}^{2} = {πd}^{2} / 4 A = {πr}^{2} = {πd}^{2} / 4 size 12{A=πr rSup { size 8{2} } = {πd rSup { size 8{2} } } slash {4} } {}$
Area of a sphere with radius $r r size 12{r} {}$	$A = 4 {πr}^{2} A = 4 {πr}^{2} size 12{A=4πr rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
Volume of a sphere with radius $r r size 12{r} {}$	$V = (4 / 3) ({πr}^{3}) V = (4 / 3) ({πr}^{3}) size 12{V= left ( {4} slash {3} right ) left (πr rSup { size 8{3} } right )} {}$

Table C9 Useful Formulae

Length	$1 light year 1 size 12{1`" light"`" year"` \( "ly" \) ` =9 "." "46" times "10" rSup { size 8{"15"} } " m"} {}$
	$1 astronomical unit 1 size 12{1`" astronomical"`" unit"` \( "au" \) ` =1 "." "50" times "10" rSup { size 8{"11"} } " m"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" nautical"`" mile"` =1 "." "852"`" km"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" angstrom"` \( Å \) ` ="10" rSup { size 8{ - "10"} } " m"} {}$
Area	$1 1 size 12{1`" acre"` \( "ac" \) ` =4 "." "05" times "10" rSup { size 8{3} } " m" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`"square"`"foot"` \( "ft" rSup { size 8{2} } \) ` =9 "." "29" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } " m" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" barn"` \( b \) ` ="10" rSup { size 8{ - "28"} } " m" rSup { size 8{2} } } {}$
Volume	$1 1 size 12{1`" liter"` \( L \) ` ="10" rSup { size 8{ - 3} } " m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}$
Volume	$1 1 size 12{1`" U" "." S "." `" gallon"` \( "gal" \) ` =3 "." "785" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 3} } " m" rSup { size 8{3} } } {}$
Mass	$1 1 size 12{1`" solar"`" mass"` =1 "." "99" times "10" rSup { size 8{"30"} } " kg"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" metric"`" ton"` ="10" rSup { size 8{3} } " kg"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" atomic"`" mass"`" unit"`` \( u \) ` =1 "." "6605" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "27"} } " kg"} {}$
Time	$1 1 size 12{1`" year"` \( y \) ` =3 "." "16" times "10" rSup { size 8{7} } " s"} {}$
Time	$1 1 size 12{1`" day"` \( d \) ` ="86","400"`" s"} {}$
Speed	$1 1 size 12{1`" mile"`"per"`"hour"` \( "mph" \) `=1 "." "609"` {"km"} slash {h} } {}$
Speed	$1 1 size 12{1`" nautical"`"mile"`"per"`"hour"` \( "naut" \) `=1 "." "852"` {"km"} slash {h} } {}$
Angle	$1 1 size 12{1`" degree"` \( ° \) ` =1 "." "745" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } " rad"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" minute"`"of"`"arc"` { { \( }} sup { ' } \) `= {1} slash {"60"} `" degree"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" second"`"of"`"arc"` { { \( }} sup { '' } \) `= {1} slash {"60"`} " minute of arc"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" grad"` =1 "." "571" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - 2} } " rad"} {}$
Energy	$1 1 size 12{1`" kiloton"`" TNT"` \( "kT" \) ` =4 "." 2 times "10" rSup { size 8{"12"} } " J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" kilowatt"`" hour"` \( "kW" cdot h \) ` =3 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{6} } " J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" food"`"calorie"` \( "kcal" \) `="4186"`" J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" calorie"` \( "cal" \) `=4 "." "186"`" J"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" electron"`" volt"` \( "eV" \) ` =1 "." "60" times "10" rSup { size 8{ - "19"} } " J"} {}$
Pressure	$1 1 size 12{1`" atmosphere"` \( "atm" \) ` =1 "." "013" times "10" rSup { size 8{5} } " Pa"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" millimeter"`"of"`"mercury"` \( "mm"`"Hg" \) `="133" "." 3`" Pa"} {}$
	$1 1 size 12{1`" torricelli"` \( "torr" \) `=1`" mm"``"Hg "="133" "." 3`" Pa"} {}$
Nuclear decay rate	$1 1 size 12{1`" curie"` \( "Ci" \) ` =3 "." "70" times "10" rSup { size 8{"10"} } " Bq"} {}$