Contents
- Preface
1Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
4Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
5Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
10Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
12Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
15Thermodynamics
- Introduction to Thermodynamics
- 15.1The First Law of Thermodynamics
- 15.2The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
- 15.3Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
- 15.4Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
- 15.5Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
23Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
- AAtomic Masses
- BSelected Radioactive Isotopes
- CUseful Information
- DGlossary of Key Symbols and Notation
- Index
Introduction: Further Applications of Newton’s Laws
Figure
5.1
Total hip replacement surgery has become a common procedure. The head (or ball) of the patient’s femur fits into a cup that has a hard plastic-like inner lining. (credit: National Institutes of Health, via Wikimedia Commons)
Chapter Outline
-
5.1
Friction
- Discuss the general characteristics of friction.
- Describe the various types of friction.
- Calculate the magnitude of static and kinetic friction.
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5.2
Drag Forces
- Express mathematically the drag force.
- Discuss the applications of drag force.
- Define terminal velocity.
- Determine the terminal velocity given mass.
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5.3
Elasticity: Stress and Strain
- State Hooke’s law.
- Explain Hooke’s law using graphical representation between deformation and applied force.
- Discuss the three types of deformations such as changes in length, sideways shear and changes in volume.
- Describe with examples the young’s modulus, shear modulus and bulk modulus.
- Determine the change in length given mass, length and radius.
Describe the forces on the hip joint. What means are taken to ensure that this will be a good movable joint? From the photograph (for an adult) in Figure 5.1, estimate the dimensions of the artificial device.
It is difficult to categorize forces into various types (aside from the four basic forces discussed in previous chapter). We know that a net force affects the motion, position, and shape of an object. It is useful at this point to look at some particularly interesting and common forces that will provide further applications of Newton’s laws of motion. We have in mind the forces of friction, air or liquid drag, and deformation.