Pular para o conteúdo Sumário
- Preface
1Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics
2Kinematics
3Two-Dimensional Kinematics
4Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws of Motion
5Further Applications of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity
6Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation
7Work, Energy, and Energy Resources
8Linear Momentum and Collisions
9Statics and Torque
10Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum
11Fluid Statics
12Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological and Medical Applications
13Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas Laws
14Heat and Heat Transfer Methods
15Thermodynamics
16Oscillatory Motion and Waves
17Physics of Hearing
18Electric Charge and Electric Field
19Electric Potential and Electric Field
20Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law
21Circuits and DC Instruments
22Magnetism
23Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical Technologies
24Electromagnetic Waves
25Geometric Optics
26Vision and Optical Instruments
27Wave Optics
28Special Relativity
29Quantum Physics
30Atomic Physics
31Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics
32Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics
33Particle Physics
34Frontiers of Physics
- AAtomic Masses
- BSelected Radioactive Isotopes
- CUseful Information
- DGlossary of Key Symbols and Notation
- Index
- Anger camera
- a common medical imaging device that uses a scintillator connected to a series of photomultipliers
- break-even
- when fusion power produced equals the heating power input
- breeder reactors
- reactors that are designed specifically to make plutonium
- breeding
- reaction process that produces 239Pu
- critical mass
- minimum amount necessary for self-sustained fission of a given nuclide
- criticality
- condition in which a chain reaction easily becomes self-sustaining
- fission fragments
- a daughter nuclei
- food irradiation
- treatment of food with ionizing radiation
- free radicals
- ions with unstable oxygen- or hydrogen-containing molecules
- gamma camera
- another name for an Anger camera
- gray (Gy)
- the SI unit for radiation dose which is defined to be
- high dose
- a dose greater than 1 Sv (100 rem)
- hormesis
- a term used to describe generally favorable biological responses to low exposures of toxins or radiation
- ignition
- when a fusion reaction produces enough energy to be self-sustaining after external energy input is cut off
- inertial confinement
- a technique that aims multiple lasers at tiny fuel pellets evaporating and crushing them to high density
- linear hypothesis
- assumption that risk is directly proportional to risk from high doses
- liquid drop model
- a model of nucleus (only to understand some of its features) in which nucleons in a nucleus act like atoms in a drop
- low dose
- a dose less than 100 mSv (10 rem)
- magnetic confinement
- a technique in which charged particles are trapped in a small region because of difficulty in crossing magnetic field lines
- moderate dose
- a dose from 0.1 Sv to 1 Sv (10 to 100 rem)
- neutron-induced fission
- fission that is initiated after the absorption of neutron
- nuclear fission
- reaction in which a nucleus splits
- nuclear fusion
- a reaction in which two nuclei are combined, or fused, to form a larger nucleus
- positron emission tomography (PET)
- tomography technique that uses emitters and detects the two annihilation rays, aiding in source localization
- proton-proton cycle
- the combined reactions
1H+1H→2H+e++ve, 1H+2H→3He+γ, and 3He+3He→4He+1H+1H
- quality factor
- same as relative biological effectiveness
- rad
- the ionizing energy deposited per kilogram of tissue
- radiolytic products
- compounds produced due to chemical reactions of free radicals
- radiopharmaceutical
- compound used for medical imaging
- radiotherapy
- the use of ionizing radiation to treat ailments
- relative biological effectiveness (RBE)
- a number that expresses the relative amount of damage that a fixed amount of ionizing radiation of a given type can inflict on biological tissues
- roentgen equivalent man (rem)
- a dose unit more closely related to effects in biological tissue
- shielding
- a technique to limit radiation exposure
- sievert
- the SI equivalent of the rem
- single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT)
- tomography performed with -emitting radiopharmaceuticals
- supercriticality
- an exponential increase in fissions
- tagged
- process of attaching a radioactive substance to a chemical compound
- therapeutic ratio
- the ratio of abnormal cells killed to normal cells killed
2.6
2.6
Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
Glossary
Glossary
4.6
4.6
Problem-Solving Strategies
Problem-Solving Strategies
Problems & Exercises
Problems & Exercises
6.6
6.6
Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
7.6
7.6
Conservation of Energy
Conservation of Energy
8.6
8.6
Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
9.6
9.6
Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
10.6
10.6
Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
12.6
12.6
Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
13.6
13.6
Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
Convection
Convection
16.6
16.6
Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
17.6
17.6
Hearing
Hearing
18.6
18.6
Electric Forces in Biology
Electric Forces in Biology
19.6
19.6
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
Capacitors in Series and Parallel
20.6
20.6
Electric Hazards and the Human Body
Electric Hazards and the Human Body
21.6
21.6
DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
DC Circuits Containing Resistors and Capacitors
22.6
22.6
The Hall Effect
The Hall Effect
23.6
23.6
Back Emf
Back Emf
Section Summary
Section Summary
Image Formation by Lenses
Image Formation by Lenses
27.6
27.6
Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
Limits of Resolution: The Rayleigh Criterion
Relativistic Energy
Relativistic Energy
29.6
29.6
The Wave Nature of Matter
The Wave Nature of Matter
30.6
30.6
The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
The Wave Nature of Matter Causes Quantization
31.6
31.6
Binding Energy
Binding Energy
32.6
32.6
Fission
Fission
33.6
33.6
GUTs: The Unification of Forces
GUTs: The Unification of Forces
34.6
34.6
High-temperature Superconductors
High-temperature Superconductors