Contents

Preface
1What is Physics?
2Motion in One Dimension
3Acceleration
4Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion
5Motion in Two Dimensions
6Circular and Rotational Motion
7Newton's Law of Gravitation
8Momentum
9Work, Energy, and Simple Machines
10Special Relativity
11Thermal Energy, Heat, and Work
12Thermodynamics
13Waves and Their Properties
14Sound
15Light
16Mirrors and Lenses
- Introduction
- 16.1Reflection
- 16.2Refraction
- 16.3Lenses
- Key Terms
- Section Summary
- Key Equations
- Chapter Review
17Diffraction and Interference
18Static Electricity
19Electrical Circuits
20Magnetism
21The Quantum Nature of Light
22The Atom
23Particle Physics
- Introduction
- 23.1The Four Fundamental Forces
- 23.2Quarks
- 23.3The Unification of Forces
- Key Terms
- Section Summary
- Chapter Review
AReference Tables
Index

Multiple Choice

34.

What properties does a loud, shrill whistle have?

high amplitude, high frequency
high amplitude, low frequency
low amplitude, high frequency
low amplitude, low frequency

35 .

What is the speed of sound in fresh water at

20

degrees Celsius?

$5960 m / s$
$1540 m / s$
$331 m / s$
$1480 m / s$

36 .

A picture of a vibrating tuning fork is shown. The sound wave compressions and rarefactions are shown to emanate from the fork on both the sides as semicircular arcs of alternate bold and dotted lines. The wavelength is marked as the distance between two successive bold arcs. The frequency of the vibrations is shown as f and velocity of the wave represented by v sub w.

A tuning fork oscillates at a frequency of 512 Hz. If sound is traveling at 345 m/s, how many wave peaks will reach the eardrum of a person sitting near that fork in 2 seconds?

About 225.
About 450.
Slightly over 500.
Slightly over 1,000.

37 .

Why does the amplitude of a sound wave decrease with distance from its source?

The amplitude of a sound wave decreases with distance from its source, because the frequency of the sound wave decreases.
The amplitude of a sound wave decreases with distance from its source, because the speed of the sound wave decreases.
The amplitude of a sound wave decreases with distance from its source, because the wavelength of the sound wave increases.
The amplitude of a sound wave decreases with distance from its source, because the energy of the wave is spread over a larger and larger area.

38 .

Does the elasticity of the medium affect the speed of sound? If so, how?

No, there is no relationship that exists between the speed of sound and elasticity of the medium.
Yes. When particles are more easily compressed in a medium, sound does not travel as quickly through the medium.
Yes. When the particles in a medium do not compress much, sound does not travel as quickly through the medium.
No, the elasticity of a medium affects frequency and wavelength, not wave speed.

39.

Which of the following terms is a useful quantity to describe the loudness of a sound?

intensity
frequency
pitch
wavelength

40.

What is the unit of sound intensity level?

decibels
hertz
watts

41 .

If a particular sound S1 is

5

times more intense than another sound S2, then what is the difference in sound intensity levels in dB for these two sounds?

$5 dB$
$6 dB$
$7 dB$

42 .

By what minimum amount should frequencies vary for humans to be able to distinguish two separate sounds?

$100 Hz$
$10 Hz$
$5 Hz$
$1 Hz$

43.

Why is I⁰ chosen as the reference for sound intensity?

Because, it is the highest intensity of sound a person with normal hearing can perceive at a frequency of 100 Hz.
Because, it is the lowest intensity of sound a person with normal hearing can perceive at a frequency of 100 Hz.
Because, it is the highest intensity of sound a person with normal hearing can perceive at a frequency of 1000 Hz.
Because, it is the lowest intensity of sound a person with normal hearing can perceive at a frequency of 1000 Hz.

44 .

In which of the following situations is the Doppler effect absent?

The source and the observer are moving towards each other.
The observer is moving toward the source.
The source is moving away from the observer.
Neither the source nor the observer is moving relative to one another.

45 .

What does the occurrence of the sonic boom depend on?

speed of the source
frequency of source
amplitude of source
distance of observer from the source

46 .

What is the observed frequency when the observer is moving away from the source at

125 m/s

? The source frequency is

237 Hz

and the speed of sound is

325 m/s

$303 Hz$
$259 Hz$
$201 Hz$
$146 Hz$

47 .

How will your perceived frequency change if the source is moving towards you?

The frequency will become lower.
The frequency will become higher.

48.

Observation of which phenomenon can be considered proof that something is a wave?

interference
noise
reflection
conduction

49.

Which of the resonant frequencies has the greatest amplitude?

The first harmonic
The second harmonic
The first overtone
The second overtone

50 .

What is the fundamental frequency of an open-pipe resonator?

$3 v / 2 L$
$2 v / L$
$v / L$
$v / 2 L$

51 .

What is the beat frequency produced by the superposition of two waves with frequencies

300 Hz

and

340 Hz

$640 Hz$
$320 Hz$
$20 Hz$
$40 Hz$