Contents

Preface
1What is Physics?
2Motion in One Dimension
3Acceleration
4Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion
5Motion in Two Dimensions
6Circular and Rotational Motion
7Newton's Law of Gravitation
8Momentum
9Work, Energy, and Simple Machines
10Special Relativity
11Thermal Energy, Heat, and Work
12Thermodynamics
13Waves and Their Properties
14Sound
15Light
16Mirrors and Lenses
- Introduction
- 16.1Reflection
- 16.2Refraction
- 16.3Lenses
- Key Terms
- Section Summary
- Key Equations
- Chapter Review
17Diffraction and Interference
18Static Electricity
19Electrical Circuits
20Magnetism
21The Quantum Nature of Light
22The Atom
23Particle Physics
- Introduction
- 23.1The Four Fundamental Forces
- 23.2Quarks
- 23.3The Unification of Forces
- Key Terms
- Section Summary
- Chapter Review
AReference Tables
Index

Multiple Choice

29.

A perfect blackbody is a perfect absorber of energy transferred by what method?

conduction
convection
induction
radiation

30.

Which of the following is a physical entity that is quantized?

electric charge of an ion
frequency of a sound
speed of a car

31.

Find the energy in joules of photons of radio waves that leave an FM station that has a 90.0-MHz broadcast frequency.

1.8 × 10⁻²⁵ J
1.11 × 10⁻²⁵ J
7.1 × 10⁻⁴³ J
5.96 × 10^-26 J

32.

Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum will provide photons of the least energy?

infrared light
radio waves
ultraviolet light
X-rays

33 .

A hot, black coffee mug is sitting on a kitchen table in a dark room. Because it cannot be seen, one assumes that it is not emitting energy in the form of light. Explain the fallacy in this logic.

Not all heat is in the form of light energy.
Not all light energy falls in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
All heat is in the form of light energy.
All light energy falls in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

34.

Given two stars of equivalent size, which will have a greater temperature: a red dwarf or a yellow dwarf? Explain. Note—Our sun is considered a yellow dwarf.

a yellow dwarf, because yellow light has lower frequency
a red dwarf, because red light has lower frequency
a red dwarf, because red light has higher frequency
a yellow dwarf, because yellow light has higher frequency

35.

What is a quantum of light called?

electron
neutron
photon
proton

36 .

Classical physics explains many aspects of electromagnetic radiation. Which of the following observations is consistent with the classical model?

Immediate ejection of electrons upon exposure of a material to light.
Exposure to light causes an electrical response in many materials.
The speed of ejected electrons is independent of light intensity.
Electrical activity from a given material requires a specific frequency of light.

37 .

5 eV

of energy is supplied to an electron with a binding energy of

2.3 eV

, with what kinetic energy will the electron be launched?

$2.3 eV$
$7.3 eV$
$11.5 eV$
$2.7 eV$

38.

Which of the following terms translates to light-producing voltage?

photoelectric
quantum mechanics
photoconductive
photovoltaic

39 .

Why is high frequency EM radiation considered more dangerous than long wavelength EM radiation?

Long wavelength EM radiation photons carry less energy and therefore have greater ability to disrupt materials through the photoelectric effect.
Long wavelength EM radiation photons carry more energy and therefore have greater ability to disrupt materials through the photoelectric effect.
High frequency EM radiation photons carry less energy and therefore have lower ability to disrupt materials through the photoelectric effect.
High frequency EM radiation photons carry more energy and therefore have greater ability to disrupt materials through the photoelectric effect.

40 .

Why are UV, X-rays, and gamma rays considered ionizing radiation?

UV, X-rays, and gamma rays are capable of ejecting photons from a surface.
UV, X-rays, and gamma rays are capable of ejecting neutrons from a surface.
UV, X-rays, and gamma rays are capable of ejecting protons from a surface.
UV, X-rays, and gamma rays are capable of ejecting electrons from a surface.

41.

What two particles interact in Compton scattering?

photon and electron
proton and electron
neutron and electron
proton and neutron

42.

What is the momentum of a 500-nm photon?

8.35 × 10⁻²⁶ kg ⋅ m/s
3.31 × 10⁻⁴⁰ kg ⋅ m/s
7.55 × 10²⁶ kg ⋅ m/s
1.33 × 10^-27 kg ⋅ m/s

43.

The conservation of what fundamental physics principle is behind the technology of solar sails?

charge
mass
momentum
angular momentum

44.

Terms like frequency, amplitude, and period are tied to what component of wave-particle duality?

neither the particle nor the wave model of light
both the particle and wave models of light
the particle model of light
the wave model of light

45.

Why was it beneficial for Compton to scatter electrons using X-rays and not another region of light like microwaves?

because X-rays are more penetrating than microwaves
because X-rays have lower frequency than microwaves
because microwaves have shorter wavelengths than X-rays
because X-rays have shorter wavelength than microwaves